New insights into dermatophagy in Himalayan toad Duttaphrynus himalayanus (Günther, 1864) from Pokhara, Nepal

  • Abishek Sapkota Snake Conservation Society Nepal, Simpani-1, Pokhara, Nepal
  • Keshab Raj Sapkota Snake Conservation Society Nepal, Simpani-1, Pokhara, Nepal
  • Rishi Baral Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Keywords: Amphibians, Cannibalism, Dermatophagy, Himalayan toad, Kaski

Abstract

Dermatophagy, the act of consuming shed skin, is documented across various amphibians and reptiles but remains understudied. This study presents the first recorded observation of dermatophagy in Himalayan toad (Duttaphrynus himalayanus) from Pokhara, Nepal. The toad was observed consuming its entire shed skin during a rainstorm, a behavior captured on video over 6 minutes and 18 seconds. We recorded complete consumption of the old skin, unlike previously reported partial dermatophagy in this genus. This observation expands the knowledge of dermatophagy in amphibians.

References

Bendsen J. 1956. Shedding of the skin in the common toad, Bufo bufo. Vidsk Medd Dansk Naturhist Foren, 118:211–225.

Budtz P.E. and Larsen L.O. 1973. Structure of the toad epidermis during the moulting cycle: L. light microscopic observations in Bufo bufo (L.). Zeitschrift Für Zellforschung Und Mikroskopische Anatomie, 144:353–368.

Bustard H.R. and Maderson P.F.A. 1965. The eating of shed epidermal material in squamate reptiles. Herpetologica, 21:306–308.

Castanho L.M. and de Luca I.M.S. 2001. Moulting behavior in leaf-frogs of the genus Phyllomedusa (Anura: Hylidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger-A Journal of Comparative Zoology, 240:3–6. https://doi.org/10.1078/0044-5231-00001

Cramp R.L., McPhee R.K., Meyer E.A., Ohmer M.E. and Franklin C.E. 2014. First line of defence: the role of sloughing in the regulation of cutaneous microbes in frogs. Conservation Physiology, 2:12. https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/cou012

Frye F.L. 1991. Reptile care: an atlas of diseases and treatments. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune, New Jersey, p 325.

Groves J.D. and Altimari W. 1977. Keratophagy in the slender vine snake, Uromacer oxyrhynchus. Herpetological Review, 8:124.

Keown G.L. 1973. A case of keratophagy in Lampropeltis getulus californiae (Blainville). Journal of Herpetology, 7:315–316.

Kupfer A., Müller H., Antoniazzi M.M., Jared C., Greven H., Nussbaum R.A. et al. 2006. Parental investment by skin feeding in a caecilian amphibian. Nature, 440:926–929. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04403

Larsen L.0. 1976. Physiology of molting. Physiology of the Amphibia, 3:53–100.

Meyer E.A., Cramp R.L., Bernal M.H. and Franklin C.E. 2012. Changes in cutaneous microbial abundance with sloughing: possible implications for infection and disease in amphibians. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 101:235–242. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02523

Noble G.K. 1931. The biology of the Amphibia. McGraw-Hill publications in the zoological sciences, p 577.

Patil V. and Adatrao S. 2023. Incidence of dermatophagy by common Indian toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799). Biophilia Insights, 1. https://doi.org/10.52679/bi.e202312006

Ramírez-Velázquez A. 1992. Los gecos: Cuijas, niños, tamagaces y salamanquesas. Cuadernos de divulgación IHN. In: Alvarez del Toro, M. (ed.). (2), 25.

Smith G.C. 1976. Ecological energetics of three species of ectothermic vertebrates. Ecology, 57:254–264. https://doi.org/10.2307/1934814

Tyler M.J. 1998. Australian frogs: A natural history. Cornell University Press, p 192.

Weldon P.J., Demeter B.J. and Rosscoe R. 1993. A survey of shed skin-eating (dermatophagy) in amphibians and reptiles. Journal of Herpetology, 27:219–228. https://doi.org/10.2307/1564942

Published
2024-12-31
How to Cite
Sapkota, A., Sapkota, K. R., & Baral, R. (2024). New insights into dermatophagy in Himalayan toad Duttaphrynus himalayanus (Günther, 1864) from Pokhara, Nepal. Nepalese Journal of Zoology , 8(2), 65–68. https://doi.org/10.3126/njz.v8i2.74939
Section
Short Communications